operator==,!=,<,<=,>,>=,<=>(std::pair)

 

C++

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Utilities library

Language support Type support (basic types, RTTI) Library feature-test macros (C++20) Dynamic memory management Program utilities Coroutine support (C++20) Variadic functions is_constant_evaluated (C++20) is_within_lifetime (C++26) initializer_list (C++11) source_location (C++20) Three-way comparison three_way_comparablethree_way_comparable_with (C++20)(C++20) strong_ordering (C++20) weak_ordering (C++20) partial_ordering (C++20) common_comparison_category (C++20) compare_three_way_result (C++20) compare_three_way (C++20) strong_order (C++20) weak_order (C++20) partial_order (C++20) compare_strong_order_fallback (C++20) compare_weak_order_fallback (C++20) compare_partial_order_fallback (C++20)   is_eqis_ltis_lteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   is_neqis_gtis_gteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

General utilities Date and time Function objects Formatting library (C++20)   bitset hash (C++11) Relational operators (deprecated in C++20) rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>    rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>= Integer comparison functions cmp_equalcmp_lesscmp_less_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   cmp_not_equalcmp_greatercmp_greater_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) in_range (C++20) Swap and type operations swap ranges::swap (C++20) exchange (C++14) declval (C++11) to_underlying (C++23) forward (C++11) forward_like (C++23) move (C++11) move_if_noexcept (C++11) as_const (C++17) Common vocabulary types pair tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) any (C++17) variant (C++17) tuple_size (C++11) tuple_element (C++11) apply (C++17) make_from_tuple (C++17) expected (C++23) Elementary string conversions to_chars (C++17) from_chars (C++17) chars_format (C++17) to_chars_result (C++17) from_chars_result (C++17)

 

std::pair

Member functions

pair::pair

pair::operator=

pair::swap (C++11)

Non-member functions

make_pair

operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(C++20)

swap(std::pair) (C++11)

get(std::pair) (C++11)

Helper classes

tuple_size<std::pair> (C++11)

tuple_element<std::pair> (C++11)

basic_common_reference<std::pair> (C++23)

common_type<std::pair> (C++23)

formatter<std::pair> (C++23)

piecewise_construct_t (C++11)

Deduction guides(C++17)

 

Defined in header <utility>
	(1)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > bool operator==( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );			(until C++14)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr bool operator==( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs,                            const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );			(since C++14)
		(2)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > bool operator!=( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );				(until C++14)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr bool operator!=( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs,                            const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );				(since C++14) (until C++20)
			(3)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > bool operator<( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );					(until C++14)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr bool operator<( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs,                           const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );					(since C++14) (until C++20)
				(4)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > bool operator<=( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );						(until C++14)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr bool operator<=( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs,                            const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );						(since C++14) (until C++20)
					(5)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > bool operator>( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );							(until C++14)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr bool operator>( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs,                           const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );							(since C++14) (until C++20)
						(6)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > bool operator>=( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );								(until C++14)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr bool operator>=( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs,                            const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );								(since C++14) (until C++20)
template< class T1, class T2, class U1, class U2 > constexpr std::common_comparison_category_t<synth-three-way-result<T1, U1>,                                             synth-three-way-result<T2, U2>>     operator<=>( const std::pair<T1, T2>& lhs, const std::pair<U1, U2>& rhs );							(7)	(since C++20)

1,2) Tests if both elements of lhs and rhs are equal, that is, compares lhs.first with rhs.first and lhs.second with rhs.second.

The behavior is undefined if the type and value category of either lhs.first == rhs.first or lhs.second == rhs.second do not meet the BooleanTestable requirements.	(until C++26)
This overload participates in overload resolution only if both decltype(lhs.first == rhs.first) and decltype(lhs.second == rhs.second) model boolean-testable.	(since C++26)

3-6) Compares lhs and rhs lexicographically by operator<, that is, compares the first elements and only if they are equivalent, compares the second elements. The behavior is undefined if the type and value category of any of lhs.first < rhs.first, rhs.first < lhs.first, or lhs.second < rhs.second do not meet the BooleanTestable requirements.

7) Compares lhs and rhs lexicographically by synth-three-way, that is, compares the first elements and only if they are equivalent, compares the second elements. synth-three-way-result is the return type of synth-three-way.

The <, <=, >, >=, and != operators are synthesized from operator<=> and operator== respectively.

(since C++20)

Parameters

lhs, rhs

-

pairs to compare

Return value

1) true if both lhs.first == rhs.first and lhs.second == rhs.second, otherwise false.

2) !(lhs == rhs)

3) If lhs.first < rhs.first, returns true. Otherwise, if rhs.first < lhs.first, returns false. Otherwise, if lhs.second < rhs.second, returns true. Otherwise, returns false.

4) !(rhs < lhs)

5) rhs < lhs

6) !(lhs < rhs)

7) synth-three-way(lhs.first, rhs.first) if it is not equal to ​0​, otherwise synth-three-way(lhs.second, rhs.second).

Notes

The relational operators are defined in terms of each element's operator<.	(until C++20)
The relational operators are defined in terms of synth-three-way, which uses operator<=> if possible, or operator< otherwise. Notably, if an element type does not itself provide operator<=>, but is implicitly convertible to a three-way comparable type, that conversion will be used instead of operator<.	(since C++20)

Feature-test macro	Value	Std	Feature
__cpp_lib_constrained_equality	202403L	(C++26)	Constrained operator== for std::pair

Example

Because operator< is defined for pairs, containers of pairs can be sorted.

Run this code

#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> v = {{2, "baz"}, {2, "bar"}, {1, "foo"}};
    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());
 
    for (auto p : v)
        std::cout << '{' << p.first << ", " << std::quoted(p.second) << "}\n";
}

Output:

{1, "foo"}
{2, "bar"}
{2, "baz"}

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 296	C++98	the descriptions of operators other than == and < were missing	added
LWG 2114 (P2167R3)	C++98	type preconditions for boolean operations were missing	added
LWG 3865	C++98	comparison operators only accepted pairs of the same type	accept pairs of different types

See also

operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (removed in C++20)(removed in C++20)(removed in C++20)(removed in C++20)(removed in C++20)(C++20)

lexicographically compares the values in the tuple (function template)